Piston and connecting rod



THEY 2971978.

1,671,708 H. E. FREDERICKSON PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD FiledOot. 28, 1926 ZSheets-Sheet 1 2r JE IEJF; wmwmww? H. E. FREDERICKSON PISTON AND commune ROD Filed Oct. 28, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 @155 ffafyer 67 Freak) )nsbx Patented May 29, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HOLGEB E. FBEDEBICKSON, OI CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASBI GNOR OI THIRTY-FIVE ONE- HUNDBEDTBS TO KARL BIRGER WOSSE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

rrs'ron AND connnc'rme non.

Application filed October, 1928. Serial No. 114,677.

This invention relates to a connectin rod linkage between the crankshaft and piston of internal combustion engines of, all types and sizes, and is especially adapted for use in engines having small cylinder bores.

It is an object of this invention to provide an improved connecting rod linkage altering the normal harmonic motion of the piston to increase the time interval for a given piston movement in one part of the cycle and correspondingly decrease the time interval'for the balance of the cycle to increase the efliciency of the cycle as a whole. A

One method of accomplishing this object is to form a bell crank at the wrist pin end of the connecting rod, the crank pivot forming a crosshead', and linking this crosshead with the piston proper by linkage varying the movement of the piston relative to the crosshead. The advantage of this arrangement lies in providin more time for arts of the cycle which will be benefited t ereby and reducing the time for other partssuch as thecompression stroke wherein speeding up reduces leakage and obtains higher compression with a curve exponent approaching more nearly that of an adiabatic compression.

On the drawings:

Figure 1- is a cross section through the cylinder of an engine embodying the features of this invention.

Figure 2 is a section through the piston on the line IIII of Figure 1'.

Figure 3 is a section on theline III-III of Figure 2.

. Figures 4 to inclusive are diagrammatic representations of the successive relative movements of the piston and connecting rod during one revolution of the crankshaft.

As shown on the drawings: a

A c linder 15, crankcase 16, crankshaft 17. assem ly is shown in Figure 1 together with a camshaft 18, cam 19, valve'20 and valve spring 21,"all these parts being conventional showings for illustrative purposes, as the details thereof have no bearing on the subject-matter of the invention.

A piston 22 reciprocates in the cylinder and is rovided with the usual piston rings 23 an piston pin 24 supported in pin bosses 25 in the piston. The lower inner.

' part of the piston is bored out to receive a qrosshead 26 which is simply anopen ended piston movable within the piston proper and having similar pin bosses 27which may be bushe as shown at 28. a

A bell crank connectin usual bi end 30 and shan construction, the pivot o the bell crank holding two stub pins 31 locked in place -in the pivot by the screws 32 and 'ournaled in the crosshead pin bosses 27. tionhas been adapted simply to greater bearing area than would ot erwise be available due to the short centers of the linkage connecting the crosshead and piston pin 24, and to provide a compact structure within the piston proper, whereby the same ma be used in small bore engines. The bel crank pivot corresponds to the piston pin location of a conventional connecting rod, the crank 33 above the pivot being oilset, at an angle and bifurcated to receive a short link 34 fixed on a pin 35 to which the furcations of the bifurcated crank 33 are pivoted. f The link 34 is pivoted on the rod 29 has the,

he two piece pin construc- V rovide pin 24 in the piston proper. The angular ofiset of the crank 33 1s referably approximately 45to the axis o the connecting rod but this angle may be varied in individual installations to provide the best compromise between the side thrustproduced and the desirable relative movement between the crosshead and piston. r

In the operation of the above described mechanism the chief results lie in an alteration of the top. and bottom dead center points of the piston relative to the crank shaft position, as shown in Figures 9 and 5, respectively; and in varying the speed of piston travel, slowing down the initial movement from either extreme and speeding up the, final movement approaching either extreme.

This varying rate of piston travel as contrasted with s mple harmonic niotion'gives more time for char 'ng on the first part of the inlet stroke an for ignition and initial combustion while giving a snappier completion of the com ression and exhaust strokes in the case 0 a four stroke cycle.

Similar advantages exist in'the case of a two cycle engine, the time for ignition and expansion being prolonged while exhaust and compression are s eeded u A consideration .0 the diagrammatic showings of Figures 4 to 10 of successide steps in a cycle, will demonstrate the foregoing. Starting with Figure 9 at top dead center for the lston, the crank shaft as already passed ead center, so that ignition at this point does not strain the mechanism due to catchin the crank on dead center. The arrow 36 s ows that the crank 38 is swinging anti-clockwise so that the piston proper is moving downwardly, more slowly than the crosshead as shown thus giving more time for ignition and expansion. In Figure 10 this movementcon tinuels until the crank in is horizontal after which the direction 0 swing of the crank 33 reverses, as shown in Figure 4, and the piston gains on the crosshead, as shown by the arrows 37. This movement is carried forward until the crank pin is again horizontal in a position opposite to the first position when the direction of swing again reverses as shown in Figure 8, and the piston again lags'behind the crosshead.

I am aware that many changes may be made, and numerous details of construction may be varied through a wide range without departing from the principles of this invention, and I, therefore, do not purpose limiting the patent anted hereon, otherwise than necessitated by the prior art.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a device of the class described, a

I piston, a hollow piston pin therein, a connecting rod a bifurcated crank on saidconnecting rod and angularly related thereto, a crosshead, a pair of spaced recessed stub 85 pins journaled in said crosshead, one of y the double arrows 37 said stub pins being threadedly connected to each furcation ofsaid crank, and toggle mechanism connecting said crank with said piston pin. a

2. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a piston pin, a connectin rod, an angular bifurcated portion on sai connecting rod, a crosshead in said piston, a pair of stub pins journaled in said crosshead, one

of said stub pins bein securely fixed to each furcation of said bifurcated portion, a

short pin pivotally carried by said bifurcated portion, and a link fixed to said short pin and pivotally connected to said piston pin.

3. In a device of the class described, a 7

- connected to said pivot pin, said link extending within said furcations and between said stub pins.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

HOLGER 'E. FREDERICKSON. 

